Smokers' intention and attempts to quit smoking in a district of Beijing Municipality / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the smoking cessation intention and attempt to quit smoking among smokers at ages of 15 years and older in a district of Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. @*Methods@#Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from a district in Beijing Municipality, and all smokers were recruited. Participants' demographic features, tobacco use, intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit smoking and awareness of tobacco-related hazards were collected using the Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey. The intention and attempts to quit smoking were analyzed among smokers, and factors affecting the attempt to quit smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 687 smokers were surveyed, including 669 men (97.38%), 497 from rural areas (72.34%), 351 daily smokers (51.09%), 336 occasional smokers (48.91%), 329 with intention to quit smoking (47.89%), and 178 with attempts to quit smoking during the past one year (25.91%). Univariable analysis showed that area, age, educational level, smoking status, tobacco health literacy and tobacco control information acquired from media were factors affecting intention and attempts to quit smoking among smokers (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that smokers with intention to quit smoking (OR=5.444, 95%CI: 3.585-8.268) and occasional smoking (OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.312-3.497) were more likely to attempt to quit smoking. @*Conclusions@#Approximately half of smokers have intention to quit smoking in a district of Beijing Municipality; however, the percentage of attempts to quit smoking is low. Targeted interventions are required for smokers with different characteristics to improve the intention to quit smoking and promote smoking-quitting behaviors.

miR-32-5p inhibits the malignant biological behaviors and the growth of nude mice xenograft of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells by targeted down-regulation of EZH2 expression / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探究miR-32-5p通过靶向zeste基因增强子人类同源物2（EZH2）对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及其分子机制。方法：利用GEPIA数据库分析胰腺癌组织中EZH2的表达水平及其与患者的预后生存期的关系，并分析miR-32-5p表达与患者临床病理因素的关系。qPCR法检测正常胰腺HPDE6-C7细胞和胰腺癌PANC-1、AsPC-1、SW1990细胞中miR-32-5p和EZH2 mRNA的表达，通过LipofectamineTM 2000将miR-NC、miR-32-5p mimic、miR-32-5p inhibitor、pcDNA-NC、pcDNA EZH2质粒分别转染PANC-1细胞，其分为对照组（不转染）、 miR-NC组（转染miR-NC）、 miR-32-5p mimic组（转染miR-32-5p mimic）、Anti-miR-32-5p组（转染miR-32-5p inhibitor）、miR-NC+pcDNA-NC组（转染miR-NC+pcDNA-NC）、miR-NC+pcDNA EZH2组（转染miR-NC+pcDNA EZH2）、miR-32-5p mimic+pcDNA-NC组（转染miR-32-5p mimic+pcDNA-NC）、miR-32-5p mimic+pcDNA EZH2组（转染miR-32-5p mimic+pcDNA EZH2）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-32-5p与EZH2的靶向关系；MTT法及克隆形成实验检测各组细胞的增殖能力，划痕愈合实验检测各组细胞的迁移能力；Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞的侵袭能力，WB法检测各组细胞EZH2、E-cadherin、N-cadherin的表达；裸鼠成瘤实验检测转染后各组PANC-1细胞移植瘤的生长情况，免疫组化染色法观察移植瘤组织中Ki67和MMP-2的表达。结果：GEPIA数据库显示胰腺癌组织中EZH2的表达水平高于癌旁组织，患者预后生存期与EZH2的表达水平呈负相关（均P<0.05）；miR-32-5p表达水平与胰腺癌神经浸润、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有明显的关联（均P<0.05）；与HPDE6-C7细胞相比，PANC-1、AsPC-1、SW1990细胞中miR-32-5p呈高表达、EZH2 mRNA呈低表达、miR-32-5p表达水平与EZH2表达水平呈负相关（均P<0.05）。miR-32-5p靶向EZH2且抑制其表达（均P<0.05）；过表达miR-32-5p能够下调Ki67、MMP-2、N-cadherin表达水平、上调E-cadherin表达水平，抑制PANC-1细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，抑制移植瘤质量增加（均P<0.05）。结论：miR-32-5p能够靶向调控EZH2从而影响胰腺癌PANC-1细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、EMT进程及裸鼠体内移植瘤的生长。

Risk assessment of unintention injury among preschool children in Shunyi District of Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation and associated factors of unintentional injury among preschool children in Shunyi District, and to provide reference for the development of unintentional injury intervention measures.@*Methods@#Three kindergartens in Shunyi district were selected through stratified cluster sampling method, and all the parents were surveyed online by self-designed questionnaire.@*Results@#The proportion of low, medium and high risk assessment of unintentional injury in preschool children were 59.5%, 37.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Risk of unintentional injury increased significantly with age and grade(χ 2=12.35, 12.70, P<0.05). The risk of unintentional injury in inter-generational care (3.7%) was higher than that in parental care(2.4%). The higher the education level of the primary caretaker and family income, the higher level of unintentional injury risk(χ 2=11.23, 14.10, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the risk for burning, poisoning, other accidental injury, prevention of accidental injury and total score of unintentional injury among children of different ages and classes(F=8.26，5.61，4.95，6.15，7.86；9.88，8.39，4.25，6.27，7.55，P<0.05). There was statistical significance in burning risk between boys and girls(t=-4.27, P<0.05). There was statistical significance in unintentional injury prevention between children of different residence(t=9.11, P<0.05). There were significant differences in behavior supervision among risk among children of different ages and grades(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level of primary caregivers (college:B=-2.66, 95%CI=-4.69--0.63; bachelor degree or higher:B=-3.80, 95%CI=-5.90--1.70), annual family income (B=-2.82, 95%CI=-4.80--0.84) were associated with unintentional injury risk of preschool children(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Health education of unintentional injury prevention among preschool children should focus on the primary caretaker with low education and low family income, which is crucial for prevention of children s injury.

Epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2013-2017 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures.@*Methods@#The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively.@*Results@#A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.

Effects of CO2 pretreatment on the volatile compounds of dried Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether anaerobic metabolites could induce volatile compounds and improve aroma of dried jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller). Jujube fruits were incubated in a polyvinyl chloride bag containing 5% CO2 and 95% N2 for up to 168 h at 25 °C and 3 samples were randomly removed every 6 h and oven dried to a moisture content of ≅ 20%. The volatile compounds of control and 5% CO2-pretreated Chinese jujube fruits were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The acetaldehyde and ethanol contents were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The results indicated that a large accumulation of acetaldehyde and ethanol caused changes in aroma composition of dried jujube products and 5% CO2 pretreatment led to an increase in the levels of some compounds, particularly esters, acetaldehydes, and ethanol, whereas the amount of acids were decreased significantly. Principal component analysis showed that integrative scores of 5% CO2 pretreatment at 120 h were the highest, and aroma quality was better than that of the control. Relatively low concentrations of anaerobic respiration metabolites are good for jujube fruit aroma composition.